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<div class=Section1>
<h1><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:16.0pt;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Resource Description Framework (RDF)<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>----------------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Background<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>----------------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>RDF
is the result of a number of metadata communities bringing together their needs
to provide a robust and flexible architecture for supporting metadata on the web.
While the development of RDF as a general metadata framework and a simple
knowledge representation mechanism for the web was heavily inspired by the PICS
specification, no one individual or organization invented RDF. RDF is a
collaborative design effort. Several W3C Member companies are contributing
intellectual resources.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Other metadata
efforts, such as the Dublin Core and the Warwick Framework have also influenced
the design of the RDF (Eric Miller). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>-------------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>RDF<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>-------------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>As its name suggests, RDF is a resource
description framework, an XML based framework for describing and interchanging
metadata about web services.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>For
example it was designed to describe meta data of a web page such as author,
title, modification data, copyright and licensing information etc.<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Aims</span></b><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>:
(amongst others)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>- Facilitating “resource discovery” to provide
better search engine capabilities.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>- Specifying user privacy preferences and the
privacy policies of a web site.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>- Implementing digital signatures for
electronic commerce.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>- Cataloguing the content and content
relationships available at a particular web site page or digital library.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>- Enabling intelligent software agents for
knowledge sharing and exchange<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>----------------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>RDF data model<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>----------------------</span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>RDF
has a very simple model, based on the idea of identifying things using Web
identifiers (URIs), and describing RESOURCES in terms of simple PROPERTIES and
property VALUES.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>To this end the </span><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'>Resource Description Framework is built on the following rules. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>For example, say I want to make a statement
about a property of WormBase: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'><b><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>WormBase
(resource)</span></b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> has a <b>sequence (property)</b> called <b>AC3.8
(value)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:
11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Three component parts
of the model:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:
11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><span
style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span>a.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>A resource: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:
11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The thing we want to
describe (e.g. WormBase).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>In RDF it is
defined as anything that has a URI (all webpages but also things that are not
retrievable on the web, for example people).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>A resource has zero or more properties.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span>b.<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>A property: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The property (e.g. a sequence, author, title)
of the resource we want to describe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>The property </span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt'>expresses the relationship of a value associated with a resource.</span><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Property has a name and a value
and it is also a resource (so that it can have its own properties</span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'> and it has a URI, to
precisely identify the kind of relationship that exists between the linked
items</span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span>c.<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>A value: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The value of the property assigned (e.g. AC3.8)
can either be a <b>string</b> e.g.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>"AC3.8", “11/3/03”, or it can be another resource.<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>For example "The protein page for </span><tt><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>http://www.www.wormbase.org/db/gene/gene?name=AC3.8;class=Sequence</span></tt><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'> is </span><tt><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><a
href="http://www.wormbase.org/db/seq/protein?name=WP:CE05137;class=Protein">http://www.wormbase.org/db/seq/protein?name=WP:CE05137;class=Protein</a></span></tt><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'>." <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>A <b>Statement</b> consists of the combination
of a Resource, a Property, and a value. These parts are known as the 'subject',
'predicate' and 'object' of a Statement. An example Statement is "The
Author of </span><tt><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>http://www.textuality.com/RDF/Why.html</span></tt><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'> is Tim Bray." The value can just be a string, for example
"Tim Bray" in the previous example, or it can be another resource,
for example "The Home-Page of </span><tt><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>http://www.textuality.com/RDF/Why.html</span></tt><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'> is </span><tt><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>http://www.textuality.com</span></tt><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'>." <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Using
a triadic model of resources, property-types and corresponding values, RDF
attempts to provide an unambiguous method of expressing semantics in a
machine-readable encoding. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>--------------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>RDF
SCHEMA<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>--------------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>If
you consider RDF properties:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>What is an
author: a writer, a creator?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Do you
think everyone on the global scale of the www will define creator in the same
manner?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Both the writer and reader must
understand the meaning of the RDF statement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>It is crucial that there is no ambiguity in meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>RDF
doesn’t provide any property definitions of its own (e.g. for author, title,
director etc).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Property definitions
come in packages or vocabularies and must be defined somewhere in a schema.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>The
schema: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3;
tab-stops:list .5in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>defines
the terms (the vocabulary) that will be used in RDF statements <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3;
tab-stops:list .5in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>states
restrictions of property usage <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3;
tab-stops:list .5in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>has
a system of classes similar to object-oriented programming languages<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3;
tab-stops:list .5in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>can
be reused over an over again => avoids having to reinvent the wheel<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3;
tab-stops:list .5in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>both
existing schemas and new ones can be used in a single document<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3;
tab-stops:list .5in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>is
machine processable and human readable<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3;
tab-stops:list .5in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>is
usually identified by a URI and may be accessed by de-referencing the schema
URI<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3;
tab-stops:list .5in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>can
be written in RDF<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>If
the schema is machine-processable, it may be possible for an application to
learn some of the semantics of the property-types named in the schema. To understand
a particular RDF schema is to understand the semantics of each of the
properties in that description. RDF schemas are structured based on the RDF
data model. Therefore, an application that has no understanding of a particular
schema will still be able to parse the description into the property-type and
corresponding values and will be able to transport the description intact
(e.g., to a cache or to another application). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Rules:
each predicate must be identified with exactly one schema. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>The
ability to standardize the declaration of vocabularies is anticipated to
encourage the reuse and extension of semantics among disparate information
communities. For example the Dublin Core Metadata initiative.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Dublin
Core Metadata Initiative<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>----------------------------------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Originally
developed at the March ‘95 Metadata Workshop in Dublin, Ohio, The Dublin Core
is a set of “descriptive elements" (properties) for describing documents
and facilitating automated indexing (and hence, for recording metadata). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>It
is intended to be used by resource discovery tools on the Internet, e.g.
"webcrawlers" for popular World Wide Web search engines.<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It is sufficiently simple to be understood
and used by the range of authors and casual publishers on the Internet.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Dublin
Core elements have become widely used in documenting Internet resources <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-weight:normal'>- For example it defines the following properties:<o:p></o:p></span></strong></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;color:black'>Title</span></strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>: A name given to the resource. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;color:black'>Creator</span></strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>: An entity primarily responsible for
making the content of the resource. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;color:black'>Subject</span></strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>: The topic of the content of the
resource. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;color:black'>Description</span></strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>: An account of the content of the
resource. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;color:black'>Publisher</span></strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>: An entity responsible for making the
resource available <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;color:black'>Contributor</span></strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>: An entity responsible for making
contributions to the content of the resource. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;color:black'>Date</span></strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>: A date associated with an event in the
life cycle of the resource. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;color:black'>Type</span></strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>: The nature or genre of the content of
the resource. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;color:black'>Format</span></strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>: The physical or digital manifestation
of the resource. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;color:black'>Identifier</span></strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>: An unambiguous reference to the
resource within a given context. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;color:black'>Source</span></strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>: A Reference to a resource from which
the present resource is derived. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;color:black'>Language</span></strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>: A language of the intellectual content
of the resource. </span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;color:black'>Relation</span></strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>: A reference to a related resource. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;color:black'>Coverage</span></strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>: The extent or scope of the content of the
resource. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;color:black'>Rights</span></strong><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>: Information about rights held in and over the
resource. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Information
using the Dublin Core elements may be represented in any suitable language
(e.g., in HTML Meta elements) or RDF is ideal.<strong><span style='color:black;
font-weight:normal'><o:p></o:p></span></strong></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>--------------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>RDF
SYNTAX<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>--------------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>At
the core of RDF is a syntax-independent model for representing resources and
their corresponding descriptions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>For
example, RDF statements can be modeled as nodes and arcs in a graph.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>A
statement is represented by:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3;
tab-stops:list .5in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>a
node for the subject, labeled with its URIref <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3;
tab-stops:list .5in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>a
node for the object, labeled with its URIref <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3;
tab-stops:list .5in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>an
arc for the predicate, labeled with its URIref, directed from the subject node
to the object node. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Groups
of statements are represented by corresponding groups of nodes and arcs.<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><br>
</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>Figure 1
represents the resource <a href="http://www.example.org/index.html">http://www.example.org/index.html</a>
has a creator (<a href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator">http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator</a>)
whose value is the URI http://example.org/staffid/85740.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype
id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t"
path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
</v:formulas>
<v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="A Simple RDF Statement"
style='width:257.4pt;height:112.8pt'>
<v:imagedata src="./RDF_review_files/image001.png" o:href="RDF%20Primer_files\fig2dec16.png"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=343 height=150
src="./RDF_review_files/image002.gif" alt="A Simple RDF Statement" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025"><![endif]></span></b><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>If
descriptive information <i>about</i> the creator’s address is desired, there
needs to be a unique identifiable resource <i>representing</i> the address.
Given the directed label graph notation in the previous example, the data model
corresponding to this description is graphically represented as (Figure 2): <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="Breaking Up John's Address" style='width:412.8pt;
height:225pt'>
<v:imagedata src="./RDF_review_files/image003.png" o:href="RDF%20Primer_files\fig5dec16.png"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=550 height=300
src="./RDF_review_files/image004.gif" alt="Breaking Up John's Address" v:shapes="_x0000_i1026"><![endif]></span></b><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><br>
</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>Figure 2</span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>In
this case, the creator’s address is a uniquely identified resource denoted by <a
href="http://www.example.org/addressid/85740">http://www.example.org/addressid/85740</a><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>with the associated property-types of </span><tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>city,
street, state and zip</span></tt><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt'>. The use of unique identifiers for resources allows for the
unambiguous association of properties. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>------------------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>RDF
XML syntax<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>------------------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>RDF
is about making <em><span style='color:black'>machine-processable</span></em>
statements. Therefore a system of machine-processable identifiers that allows
identification of a subject, predicate, or object in a statement without any
possibility of confusion with a similar-looking identifier on the Web must be
used.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>URIs are used as the identifiers
to make the information machine readable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>They link pieces of information across the Web, different people and
organizations can independently create URIs.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Secondly,
a machine-processable language is required for representing these statements
and exchanging them between machines.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>RDF uses the Extensible Markup Language XML. RDF defines a specific XML
markup language, referred to as <em><span style='color:black'>RDF/XML</span></em>,
for use in representing RDF information, and for exchanging it between
machines. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Advantages
of XML: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>-
Existing, increasingly popular markup language<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>-
Permits exchange of information between applications without loss of meaning.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>- XML allows you to invent tags, which may
contain both text data and other tags. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>So it seems as though XML documents should be a
natural vehicle for exchanging general purpose metadata.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>XML
NAMESPACES<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>----------------------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>RDF
imposes formal structure on XML to support the consistent representation of
semantics.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>RDF
provides the ability for resource description communities to define semantics.
In order to avoid confusion between independent, and possibly conflicting,
semantics, RDF uses the XML namespace facility.<span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span>Namespaces tie a specific use of a property word in context, to
the dictionary (schema) where the intended definition is to be found. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>For
example, to avoid re-inventing the wheel by reusing the property-type
"author" defined by the Dublin Core Initiative<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>- the CREATOR element, use an XML namespace
to identify the Schema for the Dublin Core vocabulary by pointing to the Dublin
Core resource that defines the corresponding semantics. The Dublin Core RDF
Schema can be abbreviated as "DC" so the same prefix would be used in
front of the property name.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Other
schemas may also define a property named Creator but would have a different schema
identifier and prefix.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>(Note:<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>a schema usually defines several
properties).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>All RDF elements (like RDF and description) are
placed in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns">http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#</a>
namespace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>(Property values generally
come from other namespaces).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>The namespace declaration is
typically be included as an XML attribute on the </span><tt><i><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>rdf</span></i></tt><tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>:RDF</span></tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'> element but may also be
included with a particular </span><tt><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>Description</span></tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'> element or even an
individual property tag.</span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>So
this is how the following graph would be represented in RDF/XML.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:black'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1027"
type="#_x0000_t75" alt="Several Statements About the Same Resource" style='width:342pt;
height:140.4pt'>
<v:imagedata src="./RDF_review_files/image005.png" o:href="RDF%20Primer_files\fig3dec16.png"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=456 height=187
src="./RDF_review_files/image006.gif"
alt="Several Statements About the Same Resource" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027"><![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>The
resource (<a href="http://www.example.org/index.html">www.example.org/index.html</a>)
has 3 properties:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>1: </span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><?xml
version="1.0"?> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";display:none;mso-hide:all;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>2: </span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf=”<a href="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns" target="_parent"><span
style='color:windowtext'>http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#</span></a>”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";display:none;mso-hide:all;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>3: <span
style='mso-tab-count:2'> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'>xmlns:exterms=”<a
href="http://www.example.org/terms/">http://www.example.org/terms/</a>”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";display:none;mso-hide:all;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>4:<span
style='mso-tab-count:2'> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span></span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'>xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
</span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";display:none;mso-hide:all;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>5:<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><<span
style='color:green'>rdf:Description</span><span style='color:lime'> </span><span
style='color:blue'>rdf:about="http://www.example.org/index.html</span>">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";display:none;mso-hide:all;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>6:<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><exterms:creation-date><span
style='color:#993366'>August 16, 1999</span></exterms:creatio</span><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Courier New";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>n-</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'>date> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";display:none;mso-hide:all;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>7:<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><dc:creator<span style='color:white'> </span><span
style='color:#993366'>rdf:resource="http://www.example.org/staffid/85740</span>"/>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";display:none;mso-hide:all;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>8:<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'><exterms:language><span
style='color:#993366'>English</span></exterms:language</span><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Courier New";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>></span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";display:none;mso-hide:all;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>9:<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'></<span
style='color:green'>rdf:Description</span>><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";color:white;display:none;
mso-hide:all;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";color:white;display:none;
mso-hide:all;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>10: </span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'></rdf:RDF></span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'>
</span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";display:none;mso-hide:all;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
display:none;mso-hide:all'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Line
1: XML declaration.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Line
2: The start of an </span><tt><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:black'>rdf:RDF</span></tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'> element (with its
corresponding closing tag on line 10).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>- The root element of an RDF document is an RDF
element.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>(Element: a unit of data and
markup (XML's basic data unit).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>T</span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>he following XML content
(starting here and ending with the </span><tt><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:black'></rdf:RDF></span></tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'> in Line 7) is intended to
represent RDF. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The RDF Schema is
declared as a boot-strapping mechanism for the declaration of the necessary
vocabulary needed for expressing the data model. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>-
On this same line is an XML namespace declaration, represented as an </span><tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:black'>xmlns</span></tt><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt'> attribute of the </span><tt><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:black'>rdf:RDF</span></tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'> start-tag. This means all
tags in this content prefixed with </span><tt><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:black'>rdf:</span></tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'> are part of the namespace
identified by the URIref </span><tt><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:black'><a
href="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns"><span style='font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#</span></a></span></tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Line
3 and 4: specifies another XML namespace declaration as an attribute of the </span><tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:black'>rdf:RDF</span></tt><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt'> element.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Line 3 specifies that
the namespace URIref ‘</span><tt><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:black'>http://www.example.org/terms/’</span></tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'> is to be associated with
the </span><tt><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";color:black'>exterms:</span></tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'> prefix.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Line
4 specifies that any property prefixed with “dc” is associated with “</span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New"'>http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/”.</span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Lines
5-7: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>An
RDF statement is represented in XML as a </span><em><span style='font-size:
11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";
color:black'>description.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></em><em><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";
color:black;font-style:normal'>It is</span></em><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'> </span><em><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";color:black'>about</span></em><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'> the subject of the
statement (in this case, about <a href="http://www.example.org/index.html">http://www.example.org/index.html</a>).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Line
5: </span><tt><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";color:black'>rdf:Description</span></tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'> start-tag indicates the
start of a </span><em><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";color:black'>description</span></em><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'> of a resource.<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>All the lines between this start tag and its
corresponding end tag (line 9), describe the resource.<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The </span><tt><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:black'>rdf:about</span></tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'> attribute specifies the
URIref that the resource statement is </span><em><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";color:black'>about</span></em><em><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Courier New";
color:black;font-style:normal'>.</span></em><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Line
6: This element has a QName </span><tt><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:black'><exterms:creation-date></span></tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'> as its tag.<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The URIref of the creation-date property
corresponding to the QName </span><tt><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:black'><exterms:creation-date></span></tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'> is obtained by appending
the name </span><tt><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";color:black'>creation-date</span></tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'> to the URIref of the </span><tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:black'>exterms:</span></tt><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt'> prefix (</span><tt><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:black'>http://www.example.org/terms/</span></tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>), giving </span><tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:black'><a href="http://www.example.org/terms/creation-date"><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'>http://www.example.org/terms/creation-date</span></a></span></tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>.<span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span>The </span><tt><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:black'><exterms:creation-date></span></tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'> holds the plain literal </span><tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:black'>August 19, 1999</span></tt><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'> of the creation-date property of the statement.<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Lines 7 and 8 are based on the same
principles.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Properties
as resources<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>-----------------------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>If
additional descriptive information about an author is required, similar
syntactic constructs are used. In this case, the Dublin Core CREATOR
property-type could still be used to represent the author, but additional
property-types "name", "email" and "affiliation"
are required. For this case, since the semantics for these elements are not
defined in Dublin Core, an additional resource description standard may be
utilized. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" style='width:359.4pt;height:135pt'>
<v:imagedata src="./RDF_review_files/image007.jpg" o:href="An%20Introduction%20to%20the%20Resource%20Description%20Framework_files\model4b.jpg"/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=479 height=180
src="./RDF_review_files/image007.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1028"><![endif]><br>
</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>Figure 5</span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>This,
in turn, could be syntactically represented as <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><?xml:namespace
ns = "http://www.w3.org/RDF/RDF/" prefix = "RDF" ?> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><?xml:namespace
ns = "http://purl.oclc.org/DC/" prefix = "DC" ?> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><?xml:namespace
ns = "http://person.org/BusinessCard/" prefix = "CARD"
?> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><RDF:RDF>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><RDF:Description RDF:HREF =
"http://uri-of-Document-1"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><DC:Creator <span style='color:blue'>RDF:HREF
= "#Creator_001"</span>/> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></RDF:Description> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><RDF:Description
ID="Creator_001"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><CARD:Name>John
Smith</CARD:Name><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span><CARD:Email>smith@home.net</CARD:Email><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><CARD:Affiliation>Home,
Inc.</CARD:Affiliation><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></RDF:Description> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'></RDF:RDF><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>In
this case, the value associated with the property-type </span><tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>DC:Creator</span></tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'> is now a resource. While
the reference to the resource is an internal identifier, an external URI, for
example, to a controlled authority of names, could have been used as well. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial;color:black'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>-------------------------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>RDF Containers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>-------------------------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>In addition to using simple elements, RDF also
allows you to assemble collections of resources into ‘bags’ (</span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>a resource
having type </span><tt><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>rdf:Bag)</span></tt><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'> where the order doesn’t matter, and ‘sequences’ (</span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>a resource
having type </span><tt><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>rdf:Seq)</span></tt><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'> where the order is important and ‘alternatives’ (</span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>a resource
having type </span><tt><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black'>rdf:Alt)</span></tt><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>e.g.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Courier;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><?xml version=”1.0”?><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Courier;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><rdf: RDF <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:
11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Courier;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>xmlns:
rdf= “<a href="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns">http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#</a>”><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Courier;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><span style='mso-tab-count:
1'> </span>xmlns: books= <a href="http://www.booksrus.com/schemas/books/">http://www.booksRus.com/schemas/books/</a>><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Courier;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><span style="mso-spacerun:
yes"> </span><rdf: Description about= <a href="http://www.xs4all.nl/~sintac">http://www.xs4all.nl/~sintac</a>><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:
11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Courier;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><books:Creator><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:
11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Courier;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><span
style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span><RDF:Seq><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:
11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Courier;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><span
style='mso-tab-count:2'> </span><books:LI> Elliotte Rusty
Harold </books:LI><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-indent:.5in'><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Courier;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span><books:LI>
W.Scott Means </books:LI><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-indent:.5in'><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Courier;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'></RDF:Seq><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:
11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Courier;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'></books:Creator><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Courier;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'></rdf: Description><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Courier;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<pre style='tab-stops:.5in'><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Courier;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'></rdf: RDF><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>-----------------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Characteristics<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>----------------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>RDF is carefully designed to have the following
characteristics.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Independence:</span></b><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> in
terms of defining a property and resource.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Interchange</span></b><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>:
RDF Statements can be converted into XML so they are easy to interchange.<span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It is important to have portability without
loss of information.</span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt'> </span><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Scalability</span></b><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>: As
described above, RDF statements are simple, three-part records (Resource,
Property, value), so they are easy to handle and look things up by, even in
large numbers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>-
Since it is a common framework, application designers can leverage the
availability of common RDF parsers and processing tools. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>---------------------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Implementation<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>---------------------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>The
<b>aim</b> of <a href="http://www.geneontology.org/">Gene Ontology (GO)
Consortium</a> is to provide controlled vocabularies to describe specific
aspects of gene products. Collaborating databases annotate their gene products
(or genes) with GO terms, providing references and indicating what kind of
evidence is available to support the annotations. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Result</span></b><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>: The use of common GO terms
by these databases facilitates uniform queries across them. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Vocabularies:
</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The GO vocabularies are dynamic, since
knowledge of gene and protein roles in cells is accumulating and changing.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>The
three organizing principles of the GO are <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ol style='margin-top:0in' start=1 type=1>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l8 level1 lfo20;tab-stops:list 5in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>molecular function, <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l8 level1 lfo20;tab-stops:list 5in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>biological process and <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l8 level1 lfo20;tab-stops:list 5in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>cellular component. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h4><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt'>XML<o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Definitions
of the terms within all three of these ontologies are contained in a single
(text) definition file.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>From:
<a href="http://www.godatabase.org/dev/">http://www.godatabase.org/dev/</a><span
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>“ Each monthly release of GO is available
as either XML-RDF or as a <a href="http://www.mysql.com">MySQL</a> compatible
file. Both files are available as either a light version containing just the
ontologies, or a full version, containing ontologies and gene product
associations.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>RDF
was chosen for use in the XML versions of the ontologies because of <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>its
flexibility in representing these graph structures, and because it has a
widespread tool support.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Extension
of RDF</span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>: The
GO has added its own extensions to the RDF vocabulary <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ol style='margin-top:0in' start=1 type=a>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l7 level1 lfo22;tab-stops:list 5in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>A child term may be an
"instance" of its parent term (isa relationship) or <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l7 level1 lfo22;tab-stops:list 5in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>a component of its
parent term (part-of relationship).<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>A
child term may have more than one parent term and may have a different class of
relationship with its different parents.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>Synonyms and cross-references to external databases are also represented
in the ontologies. The </span><tt><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:black'>go:dbxref</span></tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'> element represents the term
in an external database.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The </span><tt><b><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";
color:black'>go:term</span></b></tt><b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'> </span></b><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>is the basic element. Every <b>annotation</b> must be
attributed to a source, which may be a literature reference, another database
or a computational analysis. The annotation must indicate what kind of evidence
is found in the cited source to support the association between the gene
product and the GO term. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div style='border-top:double lightgrey 2.25pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:
double lightgrey .75pt;border-right:none;padding:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in;
background:#EFEFF5'><pre style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:double lightgrey 75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><!DOCTYPE go:go> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><go:go xmlns:go="http://www.geneontology.org/xml-dtd/go.dtd#" <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:version timestamp="Wed May 9 23:55:02 2001" /> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><rdf:RDF> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:term rdf:about="http://www.geneontology.org/go#GO:0003673"> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:accession>GO:0003673</go:accession> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:name>Gene_Ontology</go:name> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:definition></go:definition> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></go:term> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:term rdf:about="http://www.geneontology.org/go#GO:0003674"> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:accession>GO:0003674</go:accession> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:name>molecular_function</go:name> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:definition>The action characteristic of a gene product.</go:definition> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:part-of rdf:resource="http://www.geneontology.org/go#GO:0003673" /> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:dbxref> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:database_symbol>go</go:database_symbol> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:reference>curators</go:reference> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></go:dbxref> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></go:term> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:term rdf:about="http://www.geneontology.org/go#GO:0016209"> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:accession>GO:0016209</go:accession> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:name>antioxidant</go:name> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:definition></go:definition> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:isa rdf:resource="http://www.geneontology.org/go#GO:0003674" /> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:association> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:evidence evidence_code="ISS"> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:dbxref> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:database_symbol>fb</go:database_symbol> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:reference>fbrf0105495</go:reference> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></go:dbxref> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></go:evidence> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:gene_product> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:name>CG7217</go:name> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:dbxref> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:database_symbol>fb</go:database_symbol> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:reference>FBgn0038570</go:reference> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></go:dbxref> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></go:gene_product> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></go:association> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:association> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:evidence evidence_code="ISS"> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:dbxref> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:database_symbol>fb</go:database_symbol> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:reference>fbrf0105495</go:reference> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></go:dbxref> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></go:evidence> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:gene_product> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:name>Jafrac1</go:name> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:dbxref> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:database_symbol>fb</go:database_symbol> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><go:reference>FBgn0040309</go:reference> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></go:dbxref> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></go:gene_product> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></go:association> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></go:term> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></rdf:RDF> <o:p></o:p></span></pre><pre
style='border:none;mso-border-top-alt:double lightgrey 2.25pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:
double lightgrey .75pt;padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:2.0pt 0in 2.0pt 0in'><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;color:black'></go:go> <o:p></o:p></span></pre></div>
<h3><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Extension
example: </span><tt><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";color:black'>GO:0674</span></tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'> has the element <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.5in'><tt><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:black'><go:<b>part-of</b>
rdf:resource="http://www.geneontology.org/go#GO:0673" /></span></tt><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>This
says that "Molecular function is part of the Gene Ontology".<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><tt><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New";color:black'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></tt></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>The
GO illustrates a number of interesting points. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3;
tab-stops:list .5in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>shows
that the value of using XML for information exchange <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3;
tab-stops:list .5in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>exchange
can be enhanced by structuring that XML using RDF especially for data that has
a graph or network structure, rather than being a strict hierarchy. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3;
tab-stops:list .5in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>The
GO is also another example in which the RDF will not necessarily appear for
direct use on the Web (although the files are Web-accessible). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo3;
tab-stops:list .5in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>-<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>the
GO illustrates the role RDF can play as a basis for representing ontologies<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>This
role will be further enhanced once richer RDF-based languages for specifying
ontologies, such as the DAML+OIL or OWL languages.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>RDF
supports the use of conventions that will facilitate modular interoperability
among separate metadata element sets. These conventions include standard
mechanisms for representing semantics that are grounded in a simple, yet
powerful, data model. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h3><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<h3><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>References:<o:p></o:p></span></h3>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Miller, Eric.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>An Introduction to the Resource Description Framework.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>SAMS Teach Yourself XML in 21 days (North and
Hermans)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>W3: <a
href="http://www.w3.org/People/EM/talks/www7/tutorial/part2">http://wwww3.org/People/EM/talks/www7/tutorial/part2</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>W3 RDF: <a href="http://www.w3.org/RDF">http://www.w3.org/RDF</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>W3 RDF Primer: <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>W3: <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/PR-rdf-syntax/">http://www.w3.org/TR/PR-rdf-syntax/</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt'>Resource
Description Framework (RDF) Model and Syntax Specification </span><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB'>http://www.w3.org/TR/PR-rdf-syntax/<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><a
href="http://www.biomoby.org/wilkinson_links_2002.pdf">Wilkinson, MD, Links, M.
(2002)</a>. BioMOBY: an open-source biological web services proposal.
Briefings In Bioinformatics 3:4. 331-341.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>Bray, Tim.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>(2001).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>What is RDF? (XML.com: <a
href="http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2001/01/24/rdf.html?page=1">http://wwwxml.com/pub/a/2001/01/24/rdf.html?page=1</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><![if !supportEmptyParas]> <![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'>XML in a Nutshell (Harold and Means, O’Reilly)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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